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Islam and Evolution: Al-Ghazālī and the Modern Evolutionary Paradigm

AR Uncategorized June 21, 2023 1 Minute

Author: Shoaib Malik

Book length: 362 pages

Excerpt: The position of Human Exceptionalism allows for non-human evolution, but maintains that Adam (who in this position is considered the first human) and humanity are not products of evolution.

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3 questions

1. According to the article, which set of positions does al-Ghazālī’s hermeneutic framework permit regarding evolution? Creationism and no-exceptions evolution as equally acceptable under scripture. Only human exceptionalism (allowing non-human evolution but denying any special reading for Adam). Only the no-exceptions evolutionary view (everything, including Adam, evolved). Creationism, human exceptionalism, and Adamic exceptionalism (but not a no-exceptions view).

2. Which piece of empirical evidence is cited in the article as supporting gradual evolutionary change between aquatic and land animals? The discovery of Tiktaalik in the fossil record. Proof that evolution explains the origin of life (abiogenesis). William Paley’s watchmaker analogy as direct fossil evidence. A Qurʾānic verse describing humans created from clay.

3. What does the article conclude about whether believing in human evolution is necessarily kufr (disbelief)? All contemporary scholars agree human evolution is fully compatible with a literal reading of Adam as the first parentless human. The Qurʾān explicitly proves human evolution, so belief in it cannot be kufr. It is not necessarily kufr, especially if one still affirms God’s creative power, that Adam was real, and that God created him in some manner. Belief in human evolution is automatically kufr for anyone who accepts it.

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Published June 21, 2023

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Islam and Evolution: Al-Ghazālī and the Modern Evolutionary Paradigm

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